To Detect Halide Ions Present in the Given Salt Sample By Wet Way(H1,H2, H3)

APPARATUS REQUIRED

i) Test tube

ii) Test tube holder

iii) Test tube stand

iv) Tong

CHEMICAL REQUIRED

i) Silver Nitrate.

ii) Crystals of KMnO₄

iii) Chloroform

iv) Hydrochloric acid.

THEORY

Qualitative analysis of an inorganic salt is the detection of acid and basic radicals of a salt by suitable method.

A salt is simply the compound which is formed by Complete or partial neutralization of acid by a base. Salts are strong electrolytes. When dissolved into positively and negatively charged ions.

Acid radicals are simply the electronegative radical obtained from acid in the salt. Eg:- Cl^–, NO₃^—, CO₃^— but the exception is OH^– ion which is only electronegative radical but not acidic radical.

Wet ways:

The test performed on the form of solution by dissolving a salt on a suitable solvent are called wet ways.

During wet tests the radicals are selected from the solution generally by observing the characteristics color of the precipitate or solution or gas formed after the conic interaction with the Suitable reagent.

SAMPLE NO: H₁

Physical properties:

State ————-> crystalline solid

Colour ————> White

Odour ————–> Characteristic

Solubility————> Soluble in water

PROCEDURE

The original solution (0.5) was made by dissolving the given sample in water and difference test were performed as:-

OBSERVATION TABLE

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Few ml of prepared solution was taken in test tube and few drops of AgNO3 a solution was added.	Curdy white ppt was formed.	presence of Cl– ion.

REACTION INVOLVED

Cl + AgNO₃ —————> Ag Cl ↓+ NO₃^–

(white ppt)

RESULT

Hence, In the given inorganic salt sample (H) was chloride (Cl^–).

SAMPLE NO: H₂

Physical properties:

State ————>  crystalline solid

Color ———–> White

Odor ————> Characteristic

Solubility ———> soluble in water

OBSERVATION TABLE

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Few ml of prepared solution was taken in test tube and Few drops of AgNO3 solution was added.	light yellow ppt wasformed.	May be presence of Br– ion.

CONFIRMATIVE TEST FOR SAMPLE NO: H₂

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Few ml of 0.5 was taken in the test tube, a few drops of conc. HCI and a small crystal of KMnO4 was added and a few ml of chloroform was added and was shaken well.	The bottom layer of chloroform wasbrown coloured.	Presence of Bromide(Br–).

REACTION INVOLVED

Br + AgNO₃ ————> Ag Br + NO₃^–

   (pale yellow)

REACTION OF CONFIRMATIVE TEST:

KMnO₄ + Conc. HCl ————> KCl + Mn Cl₂ + H₂O [l]

2Br + 2[Cl] ——————–> Br₂ + 2Cl^–

Br2 + CHCl3 ——————> Brown colour chloroform lager was seen at the bottom.

RESULT

In the given SAMPLE NO: H₂ Bromine (Br^–) was found.

SAMPLE NO: H3

Physical properties:

State ————> crystalline solid

colour ————>  white

Odour ———–> characteristics

Solubility ———-> soluble in water

OBSERVATION TABLE

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Few ml of prepared solution was taken in the test tube and Few drops of AgNO3.	Yellow ppt was formed.	May be presenceof I– ion.

CONFIRMATIVE TEST FOR SAMPLE NO: H3

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Few ml of O.S. was taken in test tube, Few drops of cone HCL and small crystal of KMnO4 was added and few ml of chloroform was added and was shaken well.	The bottom layer of chloroform was violet coloured.	presence of Iodide(I–).

REACTION INVOLVED

I+ AgNO₃ ———–> AgI + NO₃^–

(yellow ppt)

CONFIRMATIVE REACTION TEST OF H3

KMnO₄ + conc. HCl ————> KCl + MnCl₂ + H₂O + [CL]

2I^– + 2[CL] ———-> I₂ + 2CL^–

I₂ + CHCl₂ ————> Violet color chloroform lay was seen at one bottom

RESULT

Hence, In the given inorganic salt SAMPLE NO: H3 was Iodide (I).

CONCLUSION

In this way, the liquid concentration present in a given sample can be detected by wet ways.

PRECAUTIONS

1. Apparatus should be heated and cleaned.

2. Reagents used should be an accurate amount.

3. Conc. HCL should be handled carefully.